Persian Journal of Acarology

Persian Journal of Acarology

Study of the population fluctuations and feeding effects of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on three cultivars of Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
2 Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Boghouth St., P.O.12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the population fluctuation of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on three Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) cultivars (red delta star, yellow delta star and chili omega 62). Experimental trials were carried out under high plastic-net house conditions during two seasons, 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. The feeding effects of T. urticae on some biochemical compounds of C. annuum were estimated. Densities of egg and mobile stages on the three test cultivars increased gradually from initial count in March 15th and reached peak at last week of November of two seasons, except densities of eggs on red delta reached peak at last week of October. In both growing seasons, the highest population densities of T. urticae were observed on red delta star, while the lowest densities were on chili omega 62. Correlation coefficient of T. urticae densities levels with total carotenoids, carbohydrates and proteins of tested C. annuum cultivars showed positive relationship and a reverse one with total lipids, chlorophyll, phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids compounds.
Keywords

Abd El-Rahman, H.A. & El-keblawy, M.S. (2016) Sensitivity injury Tetranychus urticae for two types of sweet pepper and the effect of infection on the physical and chemical characteristics of the plants. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 7(12): 809–813.
Abd-Elsamed, A.A., Hashem, M.S. & Al-Habshy, A.Z.N. (2018) Susceptibility of different solanaceous plant varieties to the infestation by certain piercing sucking pests at EL-Kasasine district, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 45(1): 177–187. DOI: 10.21608/zjar.2018.49829
Abou-Awad, B., Afia, S.I. & El-Saiedy, E. (2017) Population dynamics of tetranychid mite and its predator on watermelon and muskmelon and effect of mite feeding on the phytochemical components of the host plants. Bioscience Research, 14(4): 879–886.
Abou-Elella, G.M., Hassan, M.F., Elsaeidy, E.M.A.K., Nawar, M.S. & Zidan, I.M. (2021) How organic medicinal plants affect life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)? Persian Journal of Acarology, 10(1): 69–83. DOI: 10.22073/pja.v10i1.59623
Adango, E., Onzo, A., Hanna, R., Atachi, P. & James, B. (2006) Comparative demography of the spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni, on two host plants in West Africa. Journal of Insect Science, 4: 49. DOI: 10.1673/031.006.4901
Afifi, A.M., El-Bishlawy, S.M. & Mahmoud, A.A. (2013) Resistance of two eggplant cultivars against the two-spotted spider mite; Tetranychus urticae Koch infestation, with notes on its biology. Acarines, 7(2): 23–27.
Aiad, A.K., El-Saiedy, E.M.A. & Romeih, A.H.M. (2014) Susceptibility of three muskmelon Cucumis melo L. cultivars to infestation with Tetranychus urticae Koch. Acarines, 8(1): 59–61.
Awad, S.E., Mostafa, E.M., Salem, A.A. & Mahrous, M.E. (2018) Development and reproduction of the two-spotted red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch as influenced by feeding on leaves of three solanaceous vegetable crops under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomology, 15(2): 69–74.
Barghout, M., Ibrahim, S. & El Saiedy, E. (2022) Efficacy of phytoseiid mites and pesticides to control Bemisia tabaci, Thrips tabaci and Tetranychus urticae on Capsicum annuum. Persian Journal of Acarology, 11(3): 497–513. DOI: 10.22073/pja.v11i3.74508
Bazazzadeh, F., Shishehbor, P., Esfandiari, M. & Farahi, S. (2020) Development, reproduction and life table parameters of Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae) on three different host plants. Acarologia, 60: 643–655.
Bensoussan, N., Santamaria, M.E., Zhurov, V., Diaz I., Grbić, Ć.M. & Grbić, V. (2016) Plant-herbivore interaction: dissection of the cellular pattern of Tetranychus urticae feeding on the host plant. Frontiers of Plant Science, 7: 1105. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01105
Bligh, E.G. & Dyer, W.J. (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, 37: 911–917.
Chacón-Hernández, J.C., Ordaz-Silva, S., Mireles-Rodriguez, E., Rocandio-Rodríguez, M., López-Sánchez, I.V., Heinz-Castro, R.T.Q., Reyes-Zepeda, F. & Castro-Nava, S. (2020) Resistance of wild chili (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum) to Tetranychus merganser Boudreaux. Southwest. Southwestern Entomology, 45(1): 89–98. DOI: 10.3958/059.045.0110
Crompton, M. & Birt, L.M. (1967) Changes in the amounts of carbohydrates, phoshagen, and related compounds during the metamorphosis of the blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. Journal of Insect Physiology, 13: 1575–1595. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(67)90180-1
Damos, P., Papathanasiou, F., Tsikos, E., Kyriakidis, T. & Louta, M. (2023) Predicting the occurrence and risk damage caused by the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) combining rate and heat summation models for digital decisions support. Agriculture, 13(4): 756. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13040756
Divekar, P.A., Narayana, S., Divekar, B.A., Kumar, R., Gadratagi, B.G., Ray, A., Singh, A.K., Rani, V., Singh, V., Singh, A.K., Kumar, A., Singh, R.P., Meena, R.S. & Behera, T.K. (2022) Plant secondary metabolites as defense tools against herbivores for sustainable crop protection. International Journal of Molecular Science, 23(5): 2690. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052690
Duncan, D.B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1): 1–42.
Dutta, N.K., Alam, S.N., Uddin, M.K., Mahmudunnabi, M. & Khatun, M.F. (2012) Population abundance of red spider mite in different vegetables along with its spatial distribution and chemical control in brinjal, Solanum melongena L. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 37: 399–404.
El-Arnaouty, S.A., Kortam M.N., Afifi, A.I. & Heikal, I. H. (2018) Orius albidi-pennis (Reuter) as an effective biocontrol agent against Tetranychus urticae Koch on pepper crops in greenhouse in Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 28:42. DOI: 10.1186/s41938-018-0045-0
El-Laithy, A.Y.M., El-Saiedy, E.M.A., El-Kholi M.Y., Abou-Ellela, M.M. & Svobodova, Z. (2013) Population dynamics of major insect and mite pests and control on sweet pepper grown in net house in Egypt. Integrated control of plant mites. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 93: 31–38.
El-Saiedy, E.M.A., Afifi, A.M., Ali, F.S. & Ahmed, M.M. (2011) Susceptibility of four watermelon cultivars to infestation with Tetranychus urticae Koch. Acarines, 5(1): 23–28.
El-Saiedy, E.M.A., Ali, F.S., Hassan, M.F. & Hassan, A.S. (2013) Susceptibility of eight sweet pepper cultivars to infestation with Tetranychus urticae, Aphis gossypii and Thrips tabaci. Acarines, 7(2): 77–83.
El-Saiedy, E.M.A., Hassan, M.F., El-Bahrawy, A.F., El-Kady, G.A. & Kamel, M.S. (2015) Efficacy of two phytoseiid predators and a biopesticide against Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (Sayed) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on eggplant at Ismailia governorate, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 25: 71–74.
Fahim, S.F., Momen, F.M. & El-Saiedy S.M. (2020) Life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) on four strawberry cultivars. Persian Journal of Acarology, 9(1): 43–56. DOI: 10.22073/pja.v9i1.54771
FAO FAOSTAT (2021) Statistical database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Available from: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/ (Accessed on 20 March 2023).
Ghongade, S.D. & Sangha, K.S. (2020) Population dynamics of two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch on parthenocarpic cucumber in net house. Indian Journal of Entomology, 82(4): 639–643.
Grbic, M., van Leeuwen, T., Clark, R.M., Rombauts, S., Rouzé, P., Grbić, V. & Verdon, L. (2011) The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations. Nature, 479: 487–492.
Haque, M., Islam, T., Naher, N. & Haque, M.M. (2011) Seasonal abundance of spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch on vegetable and ornamental plants in Rajshahi. University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University, 30: 37–40. DOI: 10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10745
Hayano-Kanashiro, C., Gámez-Meza, N. & Medina-Juárez, L.A. (2016) Wild pepper Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum: taxonomy, plant morphology distribution, genetic diversity, genome sequencing, and phytochemical compounds. Crop Science, 56: 1–11.
Helmi, A. & Rashwan, R. (2015) Susceptability of some solanaceous plant cultivars to sap sucking insects infestation and their associated natural enemies. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 6(5): 763 – 781.
Holden, M. (1965) Chlorophylls: In: Goodwin, T.W. (Eds.), Chemistry and biochemistry of plant pigment. Academic Press, London, pp. 88–462.
Howard, L.R., Talcott, S.T., Brenes, C.H. & Villalon, B. (2000) Changes in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of selected pepper cultivars (Capsicum species) as influenced by maturity. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 48: 1713–1720.
Hung, P.V. & Morita, N. (2008) Distribution of phenolic compounds in the graded flours milled from whole buckwheat grains and their antioxidant Capacities. Journal of Food Chemistry, 109(2): 325–333.
Ibrahim, M.M.S., El-Esnawy, B.A. & El-Adawy, A.M. (2008) Imbrications of certain cucurbit crops characteristics with the two-spotted spider mite infestation. Acarines, 2: 61–65.
Jeppson, L.R., Keifer, H.H. & Baker, E.W. (1975) Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 614 pp.
Kamel, M.S., Abou-Zaid, A.M. & Yasin, S.A. (2019) The effectiveness of phytochemical components and climatic factors on population fluctuation of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on sweet pea and pea Crops. Journal of Applied Plant Protection, 8(1): 15–21.
Kumral, N.A., Goksel, P.H., Aysan, E. & Kolcu, A. (2017) Biological parameters and population development of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) on different pepper cultivars. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 3: 263 –273.
Lee, Y.P. & Takabashi, T. (1966) An improved colorimetric determination of amino acids with the use of ninhydrin. Annals Biochemistry, 14: 71–77
Mech, A.M., Thomas, K.A., Marsico, T.D., Herms, D.A., Allen, C.R., Ayres, M.P., Gandhi, K.J.K., Gurevitch, J., Havill, N.P., Hufbauer, R.A., Liebhold, A.M., Raffa, K.F., Schulz, A.N., Uden, D.R. & Tobin, P.C. (2019) Evolutionary history predicts high-impact invasions by herbivorous insects. Ecology and Evolution, 9: 12216–12230.
Navarro, J.M., Flores, P., Garrido, C. & Martínez, V. (2006) Changes in the contents of antioxidants compounds in pepper fruits at different ripening stages, as affected by salinity. Food Chemistry, 96: 66–73.
Ohtsuka, K. & Osakabe, M. (2009) Deleterious effects of UV-B radiation on herbivorous spider mites: They can avoid it by remaining on lower leaf surfaces. Environmental Entomology, 38: 920–929.
Park, Y.L. & Lee, J.H. (2002) Leaf cell and tissue damage of cucumber caused by two spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 95: 952–957.
Perdikis, D., Kapaxidi, E. & Papadoulis, G. (2008) Biological control of insect and mite pests in greenhouse solanaceous crops. European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 2: 125–144.
Praslicka, J. & Huszar, J. (2004) Influence of temperature and host plants on the development and fecundity of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Plant Protection Science, 40: 141–144.
Raje, K.R., Ferris, V.R. & Holland, J.D. (2016) Phylogenetic signal and potential for invasiveness. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 18: 260–269.
Riahi, E., Shishehbor, P., Nemati, A.R. & Saeidi, Z. (2013) Temperature effects on development and life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 15: 661–672.
Sabri, N.N., El-Masry, S. & Khafaey, S.M. (1973) Phytochemical investigation of Hyoscyamus Desertorum. Planta Medica, 23(1): 4–9.
Santamaria, M.E., Arnaiz, A., Rosa-Diaz, I., González-Melendi, P., Romero-Hernandez, G., Ojeda-Martinez, D.A., Garcia, A., Contreras, E., Martinez, M. & Diaz, I. (2020) Plant defenses against Tetranychus urticae: Mind the gaps. Plants, 9(4): 464. DOI: 10.3390/plants9040464
Singleton, V.L. & Rossi, J.A. (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphor-molybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144–158.
Smith, C.M. (2005) Plant resistance to arthropods: molecular and conventional approaches. Springer, The Netherlands, 426 pp.
Tehri, K., Gulati, R. & Geroh, M. (2014) Impact of weather parameters on the population dynamics of Tetranychus urticae Koch on field grown cucumber. Annals of Applied Biology, 30: 140–145.
Van den Boom, C.E.M., van Beek, T.A. & Dicke, M. (2003) Differences among plant species in acceptance by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Journal of Applied Entomology, 127: 177–183.
Velázquez-Ventura, J.C., Márquez-Quiroz, C., de-la-Cruz-Lázaro, E., Osorio-Osorio, R. & Preciado-Rangel, P. (2018) Morphological variation of wild peppers (Capsicum spp.) from the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 30: 115–121
Yankova, V., Todorova, V. & Markova, D. (2021) Evaluation of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions for in‌festation by pests. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 27(2): 350–356.
Zhou, S., Lou, Y-R., Tzin, V. & Jander, G. (2015) Alteration of plant primary metabolism in response to insect herbivory. Plant Physiology, 169: 1488–1498.
Zidan, I.M., El-Saiedy, E.M.A.K., Abou-Elella, G.M. & Hassan, M.F. (2022) Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics. Persian Journal of Acarology, 11(4): 731–752.